Some of my most memorable experiences as an aromatherapist have been in clinical environments, and the senior population is one of the most rewarding to work with. Aromatherapy is an ideal complementary therapy for the elderly, as it helps to provide support and relief for a wide range of emotional and age-related conditions. This is especially true for those suffering from dementia-related illness.
According to the U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, the population of people age 65+ is projected to reach 80.8 million by 2040 and 94.7 million by 2060. As the U.S. senior population ages, so does the proportion of people living with dementia-related disease. While many people can remain at home, with or without assistance, the number of seniors who need long-term care is expected to increase significantly, to an estimated 15 million by 2050.
The good news is that aromatherapy is being practiced in increasingly greater numbers of healthcare settings, from hospitals to private practice. There is a growing body of research and clinical experience to draw upon which indicates how specific essential oils, when used appropriately, have been used safely and successfully with seniors, many residing in assisted living, skilled nursing, or memory care communities.
Based upon my experience and research into the use of aromatherapy with seniors, I would like to provide a few examples of essential oils, and specific methods of use, that have proven safe and effective.
Aromatic interventions for challenging behaviors and symptoms
Some of the most troublesome and worrisome health concerns and behaviors are among the millions of Americans living with Alzheimer’s or other dementias. While issues like stress/anxiety, depression, and poor sleep are common across all age groups, these can result in some very difficult – or even dangerous – behaviors among individuals with dementia.
Let’s take a look at some essential oils that have been well-researched and have a track record of success in clinical studies.
Anxiety, stress, and depression
There are so many oils which have been shown to calm the nervous system and relieve stress and anxiety. Sleep issues are often related to stress, and so aromatherapy for this purpose may offer an added benefit of improving sleep quality.
Other than lavender which has a well-earned reputation, other effective floral and citrus oils include Roman Chamomile, Petitgrain, Jasmine absolute, Ylang Ylang, Melissa, Chamomile, Clary Sage, Mandarin, and Sweet Orange, Grapefruit, and Bergamot. Earthy, grounding aromas are also effective, on their own or in combination with others, including Sandalwood, Myrrh, Frankincense, Patchouli, or Cedarwood.
Decrease in cognitive function including impaired memory
Rosemary is famous for promoting mental clarity and research shows improvement in cognitive function. Other good choices include: Sweet Basil, Eucalyptus, Ravintsara, Peppermint or Spearmint, or Scots Pine. Try blending these with bright citruses like Lemon, Sweet Orange, or Grapefruit.
Physical pain and discomfort
There is a strong connection between emotional and mental stress and pain perception, so sometimes addressing stress and anxiety can minimize the perception of pain. Pain can also be chronic or acute. Many essential oils have proven anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, including Peppermint, Wintergreen, Clove, Lavender, Lemongrass, Rosemary, Sweet Marjoram, and Ginger to name a few. Some essential oils promote wound healing such as German Chamomile, Frankincense, Lavender, Helichrysum, Tea Tree and Myrrh. Aromatherapy’s ability to help to relieve pain can potentially reduce the frequency or dosage of powerful prescription medications.
Increased risk of falls, irritability and disruptive/aggressive behavior
Falls increase the risk of injury, as does aggressive and violent behavior. These can have many underlying triggers. Pain and poor sleep, for example, might leave the person agitated, groggy, confused, or weak. The key here is to identify the source of the problem and address those issues first. By helping the person to improve the quality and quantity of sleep, sharpen mental clarity and awareness, and bring balance to their emotions, there may be a reduction in these challenging behaviors.
One size does not fit all: An individualized approach
For best results, and to ensure a patient’s safety, any treatment plan must take into consideration the person’s unique needs -- and the same is true for aromatherapy. An individualized approach is key to developing a therapy protocol which offers the best chances for success and complements or enhances the individual’s prescribed allopathic medical care.
Of course, no single plan of care is right for every individual. And, because the root cause of symptoms may be emotional, physical, or a combination of both, it’s very important to do a thorough assessment with input from anyone who cares for the individual. This may include family members, nursing staff, therapists, or other staff who interact with the person regularly.
Other than direct questions about physical condition and health history, an aromatherapist should ask very specific questions which can provide clues to help identify aromas which would be most enjoyable, effective and appropriate.
These would include:
Life history, including family and friends, past employment, hobbies/interests, memorable life events, happy and sad memories, and any past trauma
Does the person find touch pleasant or do they object to physical contact?
What aromas do they enjoy and which are not pleasing? Is their sense of smell strong or weak?
What makes the person feel better, and what aggravates the situation?
Selecting methods of administration
Deciding which methods of administration to use is also a highly individualized process. Hand, shoulder, neck, foot, or hand massage, might be appreciated by
patients who enjoy the stimulation of physical contact.
For those who are averse to contact or pressure, foot baths or compresses are other options. A diffuser, linen spray or room spray can also be used to infuse a space with aroma. If they apply their own personal care products, an unscented lotion or cream can be infused with a small amount of essential oil. Essential oils can also be used on patches which can be placed discreetly on the person’s clothing or placed somewhere in their room.
Final Thought
We can’t talk about individualized aromatherapy without emphasizing the human element. Kindness, compassion, and caring bedside manner are an important part of therapy. We all need connection with other human beings, and providing aromatherapy is a rewarding way to promote a healing environment for everyone.
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References:
Aromatherapy for Health Professionals, Fifth Edition; Shirley Price, Len Price, Penny Price
Complementary Nursing in End of Life Care; Madeline Kerkhof-Knapp Hayes
Clinical Aromatherapy: Essential Oils in Healthcare; Jane Buckle, PhD, RN
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